A small-scale silica gel-water adsorption system for domestic air conditioning and water heating by the recovery of solar energy

A small-scale silica gel-water adsorption system with modular adsorber, which utilizes solar energy to achieve the cogeneration of domestic air conditioning and water heating effect, is proposed and investigated in this paper. A heat recovery process between two adsorbers and a mass recovery process between two evaporators are adopted to improve the overall cooling and heating performance. First, the adsorption system is tested under different modes (different mass recovery, heat recovery, and cogeneration time) to determine the optimal operating conditions. Then, the cogeneration performance of domestic cooling and water heating effect is studied at different heat transfer fluid temperatures. The results show that the optimal time for cogeneration, mass recovery, and heat recovery are 600 s, 40 s, and 40 s, respectively. When the inlet temperature of hot water is around 85°C, the largest cooling power and heating power are 8.25 kW and 21.94 kW, respectively. Under the condition of cooling water temperature of 35°C, the obtained maximum COP_c, COP_h, and SCP of the system are 0.59, 1.39, and 184.5 W/kg, respectively.     

裴沟煤矿典型断裂构造带水化学变化特征

断裂运动是错综复杂的地质作用，物质组成的变化能够通过水质中阴阳离子含量直观表现。以裴沟煤矿近20年来的突（涌）水点化验数据为依据探究各含水层水化学普遍性质，发现阳离子含量和矿化度可以作为水源判别的重要指标，以典型构造浮山寨断层为对象研究断裂构造带水化学变化特征，结果显示距离断裂构造带越近，水中Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺含量减小、Na⁺+K⁺含量增大、矿化度降低，揭示断层两盘不同含水层间水掺和程度。     

Effect of neodymium substitution on crystalline orientation,microstructure and electric properties of sol-gel derived PZT thin films

Pb(Nd_xZr_0.52Ti_0.48)O₃ (PNZT) (x = 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%) thin films were prepared by sol-gel process to investigate the effects of neodymium substitution on crystalline orientation, microstructure and electric properties of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that PNZT films with Nd doping concentration below 3% exhibited dense perovskite structure with (100) preferred orientation. The average grain size of PNZT films decreased as the Nd substitution increased. The maximum dielectric constant, remnant polarization and minimum coercive field were obtained in 2% Nd-doped PZT films. Fatigue resistance was also improved significantly with 2% Nd dopant.     

Economic effects of regulating the seismic strengthening of older buildings

The marked increase in the awareness of earthquake risk following the Canterbury earthquakes in New Zealand offered a unique opportunity to investigate the economic effect of disaster-mitigation regulations on the commercial building stock. A difference-in-differences (DD) framework was used to determine whether earthquake risk has been capitalized into the property prices of buildings constructed prior to 1976, as a response to the national policy requiring assessment and strengthening (or demolition) of the existing earthquake-prone building stock. A negative externality is found in the policy announcement on affected (pre-1970s) office and retail buildings which caused office buildings to suffer a 12.5% stigma discount. However, retail properties were less impacted suffering a 2.3% stigma loss. The value of the commercial building stock has been affected by the policy. These findings provide policy-makers with timely evidence as to the economic effects of New Zealand’s earthquake-prone buildings policy. Facing losses in property value and financial responsibility for retrofitting their assets, building owners will be looking for a workable set of regulatory and non-regulatory incentives to encourage disaster risk management and protect the built environment.     

An Artificial Skyrmion Platform with Robust Tunability in Synthetic Antiferromagnetic Multilayers

Magnetic skyrmions are topologically nontrivial spin structures, and their existence in ferromagnetically coupled multilayers has been widely reported with a disordered arrangement. Here, a nucleation scenario of ordered skyrmions in nanostructured synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) multilayers is proposed and experimentally demonstrated using direct magnetization imaging, indirect magnetometer and magnetoresistance measurement, and micromagnetic simulation. Instead of relying on Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, the antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling in the SAF multilayers fulfills the role of nucleation and stabilization of skyrmions. The robustness of the proposed skyrmion nucleation scenario is examined against temperature from 4.5 to 300 K and device size from 400 to 1200 nm. Interestingly, these synthetic skyrmions still behave well with a size less than 100 nm. The higher stability than generic magnetic domains can be attributed to topological protection. The results thus provide an artificial skyrmion platform to meet the functional needs of high density and designable arrangement in magnonic and spintronic applications.     

Low Li ion diffusion barrier on low-crystalline FeOOH nanosheets and high performance of energy storage

Nano Research - To obtain symmetric supercapacitors (SCs) with high energy density, it is critical to fabricate an electrode with wide potential window and excellent capacitive performance. Herein,...     

大口径光学元件装夹转运结构设计及分析

为了实现大口径光学元件的安全装夹、转运,通过光学元件开槽与不开槽两种装夹方式的分析,得出开槽夹紧转运方式将带来微裂纹、应力集中、成本高等缺陷,提出了利用摩擦力克服光学零件的重力和惯性力的低应力装夹转运方案。通过对光学元件低应力夹紧结构设计,并利用有限元分析方法,得到不开槽装夹方式下,光学元件的最大主应力为1.11 MPa,最大切应力为0.73 MPa,远低于光学元件破坏的强度极限,且受力均匀,无应力集中现象。     

再加工工艺对N18锆合金板残余应力的影响

采用“热轧+冷轧+退火”工艺对N18锆合金板进行再加工,通过X射线法分析板的表面残余应力,采用EBSD技术分析晶界取向差角分布和大小角度晶界。结果表明,热轧后N18锆合金板的表面残余应力呈现无规律分布状态;冷轧后板的表面残余应力均为压应力,其大小随着冷轧变形量的增加而增加;退火后板的表面残余应力值处于较低水平,当退火制度为500 ℃×2 h时,残余应力处于最低水平;退火后,板的微观结构以小角度晶界为主,且随着退火温度的升高,小角度晶界的密度先增加后趋于稳定。     

35CrMo钢表面铁基激光熔覆层的组织和耐磨性能

采用CO2激光熔覆装置将LC3530铁基粉熔覆在35CrMo钢基体表面,研究了熔覆层的显微组织、硬度和耐磨性能,并与基体的进行对比。结果表明:基体组织为回火索氏体,晶粒尺寸在20μm左右,而熔覆层的组织为均匀细小的等轴晶,晶粒尺寸大多在8μm;基体的平均硬度为254.1HV,而熔覆层的平均硬度为640.5HV,且硬度分布更加均匀;在相同试验条件下,熔覆层试样的磨损量仅为基体试样的1/7,磨损系数是基体试样的1/5,且磨损后熔覆层试样的表面粗糙度较磨损前的大幅下降,表明激光熔覆后35CrMo钢的耐磨性能得到显著提高;基体试样的磨损机制为犁削磨损,而熔覆层试样的磨损机制为微观切削,其优异的耐磨性能与含有铁、铬、钼和碳等元素的高硬度合金碳化物的形成有关。